• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An internal combustion engine has n cylinders, a piston in each cylinder connected to a crankshaft each piston being in phase or out of phase with the others by A° or a multiple thereof (A = 720/n), cams for actuating inlet and exhaust valves to each cylinder and a cam drive mechanism which rotates the cams in phased relationship with the crankshaft to open the valves in sequence for a desired angle of rotation of the crankshaft. The cam drive mechanism includes means for combining the rotational movement of the cams with a phased oscillatory movement of variable amplitude about the axis of rotation at a frequency of f times the crankshaft frequency so that the period over which the valves are opened and/or their timings is variable, f having the following values:- and f = n/2 when n = 3 or more The selection of the frequency of the oscillations allows all the cams to be mounted on the same camshaft.
    公开号:SU1407408A3
    申请号:SU823521654
    申请日:1982-12-10
    公开日:1988-06-30
    发明作者:Тцио-Хей Ма Томас
    申请人:Форд Мотор Компани；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    fS
    t1
    The invention relates to internal combustion engines, in particular to mechanisms for driving the cams of the gas distribution.
    The aim of the invention is to simplify the design and increase the efficiency of the engine.
    Figure 1 shows the engine front view; . FIG. 2 is the same section 5 in FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the kinematics of engine parts; Fig. 4 is a graph of two-valve engine valves; 5 shows the opening-closing phases of the valves 5 in accordance with the invention; 6 shows the operation of a six-cylinder single-engine; FIG. 7 shows the operation of the first cylinder of a single-side engine; on Fig - the work of the three-cylinder engine



    also. What's on.
    gatel; in fig
    FIG. 6 ,, but in connection with two CI.YAINDRAB
    with crankshaft neck; 8, for a camshaft on a number of cylinders o
    The four-stroke engine 1 on / t-modest cropai-sh (fig-3) has one group of four CYLINDERS arranged in a row; The block of which contains a piston., connected with B; O-roll 2, a cylinder having. There are inlet and outlet k.papaki 4 with all eight klapa.o: o; 3 are located so that they can b) be sequentially opened by means of respective rocker arms and cams, all ku lachki are mounted on one rotatable cam shaft 3 "
    Camshaft 3 gsravodkts in rotation from the crankshaft 2 by means of: the mechanism of the drive; drive cams:; its origin is a planetary gear 5 5 cond. JKrs of central 1 estera 6, attached to the drive wheel 7, which, in turn, is connected to the drive sprocket 3 on the crankshaft 2 by means of: a toothed belt or chain 9 Central gear 6 finds: vehicle. shown tpr;) planetary gears (satellite ln) 10,11 and, C C - 1 anonellus on drove 13 j which is fixed to ;; ulachkmz, shaft 3. Satellites lOsii and 12 are also in engagement with uberon wheel 14 internal gearing. The gear ratio of gear 5 is such that the frequency
    camshaft rotation is equal to half the rotational speed of the crankshaft,.
    The gear wheel 14 is connected to one end of the link 15, the other end of which is connected to the crank wheel 16 by means of a sliding clutch 17 (FIGS. 1 and 3). The crank wheel 16 is in engagement with the gear belt or chain 9 and is rotated from the crankshaft 2 with a frequency equal to the frequency
    0
    0
    crankshaft rotation. Link 15
    , - bears on itself the hinge 18, capable of sliding along the link J5. This chart is also fixed with the possibility of sliding on the control lever 9, which has a hinge at one end,
    p attached to the motor 2 with the ability to move the lever at an angle about between the positions; shown in fig.Z dash-dotted and raft ligshi. The hinge 18 itself can slide
    5 along a rail 20 located along the .LINE; connecting the centers of the gear wheel 14 and the crank wheel 16,
    The mechanism works in the following way.
    When the control lever 19 (Fig. 3) is in the position shown on the FKG. 3 by the dash-dotted line, the sliding hinge 18 is located at the end of Even 15 near the gear wheel 14. internal engagement. At the same time, the rotary movement of the crank wheel 16 causes a slight movement 1 or no movement of the gear 14, since link 15 simply swings from its end, in this case 5, therefore, gear 5 connects the camshaft circular motion with a constant phase relative to the crankshaft with a frequency equal to the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft.
    After that, the control lever 19 1-ik will be moved in the opposite direction by about 5 degrees. The rotation of the crank wheel 16 will cause a reverse gear to oscillate the gear wheel 14 at a frequency equal to twice the rotational speed of the crankshaft 2, m., E. with the same frequency with which the crank wheel rotates 16. With m 2 tredelenii lever 19 control to.) 7p; 55 shown in Fig. 3c, g; with the first line, the amplitude of oscillation
    will gradually increase. The oscillations of the gear wheel 14 cause the satellites 12 to roll back and forth along the central wheel, as a result of which their angular position will change and the oscillating motion of the gear wheel with internal gearing to the cam shaft 3 will be transmitted through the carrier.
    The composite oscillatory-circular motion of the camshaft is graphically shown in FIG. 4. Fig. 4a shows the phase relationship between the movements (closing and opening) of the intake and exhaust valves and the rotation of the crankshaft 2 during one complete revolution of the crankshaft, with the angle of rotation of the crankshaft postponed in degrees along the x-axis and the movement of the intake and exhaust valves in millimeters plotted on the y-axis. Curves A and B respectively show the movements of the exhaust and intake valves when the gear 14 is not oscillating. The outlet valve begins to open 50 before the piston reaches the bottom dead center (BDC), and again closes approximately
    chg about
    through J5 after the piston reaches top dead center (TDC). Thus, the exhaust valve is open for 265 ° rotation of the crankshaft 2, the inlet valve starts to open about 35 before the piston reaches CGT, and closes after about 50 ° after the piston reaches BDC. Thus, the intake valve is also open for 265 crankshaft rotation.
    When adjusting the control lever 19 (FIG. 3) for the oscillation of the gear wheel 14, the cam shaft 3 also performs similar oscillations. The phase dependence of these oscillations on the rotation of the crankshaft is shown in FIG. 4b, which shows that the oscillation frequency is equal to twice the frequency of rotation
    therefore, for each revolution of the crankshaft two oscillation cycles occur. Curves C and D, shown in Fig. 4a by dashed lines, respectively, show the movement of the exhaust and intake valves when the rotational movement of the camshaft, generated by the crankshaft, is combined
    ten
    15
    25
    jn 07408-
    with fluctuations. The oscillations change the cam movement of the cam, causing the valve to open about 30 ° before IMT and close about 20 after TDC, and the inlet valve about 20 before TDC and close about 30 NMT. Thus, each valve is open for 230 crankshaft rotations. By varying the amplitude of oscillations, periods can be changed, during which the inlet and outlet valves-Shch51 are open.
    FIG. 3 shows the effect of a cam shaft oscillation on the intake port and exhaust valves for the three other engine cylinders — phase relationship between the opening of the intake-. Ix valves of the first, second, third and fourth cylinders, respectively, Zashtr; the opening of the exhaust valves, non-shaded - the opening of the intake valves. Fig. 5e shows the phase relationship between the rotation of the crankshaft and the cam oscillations.
    n
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    shaft. Fig. 3a shows the complete rotation of the camshaft on
    tyi shaft 720 °,
    360. Since the camshaft rotates at a frequency equal to half the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft, the crankshaft rotates during this period for four full cycles of oscillations. The oscillations lead to a decrease in the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, during which the exhaust or intake valve is opened; (shown by arrows in FIG. 5a).
    As shown in fig.Zv, the piston of the second cylinder of the engine is out of phase by
    shaft, optional 5x to complete one engine operating cycle). Consequently, the exhaust and intake valves open 180 after opening the valves of the first cylinder. Since the vibrations imparted to the camshaft have a frequency equal to twice the crankshaft rotational speed, the phase shift of the valves of the second cylinder relative to the valves of the first cylinder is equal to one full cycle of oscillation. Consequently, the oscillations change the angle of rotation of the crankshaft, against the relative of the first cylinder 80 (at two full turns the skin of which the valve1 of the second cylinder is open, exactly at the same magnitude as the valves nepsoj o of the cylinder.
    As shown in figs third
    .about
    the cylinder is out of phase by 540 with respect to the first cylinder and 360 with respect to the second qi, lindra. Consequently, the inlet and inlet valves open 540 ° and 360 after opening the valves in: the second cylinder, respectively. These phase shifts correspond to three and two complete oscillations. Thus, oscillations change the angles of rotation of the crankshaft, during which the valves of the third cylinder are open, by exactly the same magnitude; as for the first and second shshindrov.
    Similarly, as shown in Fig. 5d, since the fourth tsikh and vdr has a phase shift of 180 ° and 180 relative to the first, second and fourth cylinders, respectively, each, of which corresponds to the whole number of oscillations, the period of opening of the fourth and fourth intake valves ; indra varies in the same way as 5 valves of the other three cylinders,
    Thus, describing H1-th rehm, is applicable to engines with any number of cylinders, provided that the pistons are in phase with each other to: if each other is out of phase by 180 (or an integer multiple of it). Therefore, in such a single action from the common crankshaft.
    In a four-stroke. Bigatal having n pistons displaced in phase relative to each other by the same magnitude, Phase A shift between any two pistons M 1 with respect to two full crankshaft rotations of the shaft, is necessary to complete the four-stroke engine cycle, will be 720 ° / n (and an integer multiple of this angle) of the crankshaft rotation. The actuation of the valves of each cylinder. It will also be out of phase with each other relative to this Dehshchina. In order for the oscillations to be equally affected by the wa valves, the phase A shift must correspond to a whole number of polish oscillations. In most cases, the shift And the corresponding OS, 6
    Corresponds to one complete oscillation cycle. Therefore, for each 360 crankshaft cycle, in such cases there should be 360 / A 360/720 n p / 2 oscillations. Oscillation frequency
    must be equal to the crankshaft rotation frequency multiplied by n / 2. Engine in which the cam
    the shaft actuates the valves of two 1-cylinder, t, e, when n 2, also works satisfactorily, when the shift A in phase between the two cylinders corresponds to two full cycles of the bath rings. In this case, the oscillation frequency is equal to the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft, multiplied by n. When the cushioning hall actuates one cylinder (n 1), satisfactory
    Q results can be obtained if the cam drive mechanism provides four complete oscillation cycles when the oscillation frequency is equal to the rotational speed of the crankshaft,
    5 multiplied by 2p. Thus, for a cam drive mechanism designed to drive a camshaft, which actuates valves n cylinders, the frequency
    f oscillations should be equal to the frequency of rotation w of the crankshaft multiplied by f, where f 2п5 when n 1 5 f n / 2 or n, when n 2, and f n / 2., when n 3 or more.
    “Fig. 6 shows the operation of a six-cylinder single-engine. In this, m engine, each piston is phase shifted relative to the others by a phase angle A 120. To hesitate
    The combination of 3 with circular movement of the camshaft ensured the same change in the period of opening of the valves in each dilution, the oscillation frequency (p / 2) was increased to the value and frequency of rotation of the crankshaft multiplied by 6/2 or 3.
    On f, ig.6 the exhaust valve of the first cylinder is shown by the shaded y-section. The opening and closing of the outlet valve in each cycle takes place approximately 20 ° ahead in advance, and the opening and closing of the inlet valve is approximately 20 times late. Thus, although in each cycle there is a period during which each
     the valve is open, does not change, the period that the opening of which is opened simultaneously with the opening (inlet and outlet) of the valves, is reduced. Such a decrease
    Increases fuel efficiency at low engine speeds and low loads.
    The areas shown in FIG. 26b illustrate the operation of the second cylinder operating with a phase shift relative to the first cylinder, equal to 120. Since the phase shift between two cylinders corresponds to an integer number of oscillation cycles, the effect of oscillations on the operation of the intake and exhaust valves of the second cylinder will be exactly the same as the effect on the operation of the valves of the first cylinder. Since all other cylinders are out of phase with respect to others by 120 (or a multiple of it), the effect of oscillations will be the same in all cylinders.
    The diagram in Fig. 7 illustrates the operation of another variant as applied to an engine in which a camshaft drives two cylinders arranged relative to another.
    ha with a shift to the phase angle In this case, the oscillation frequency is equal to the rotational frequency of the crankshaft as low as p / 2 2/2 K. The sites shown in Fig. 4a show the operation of the valves of the first cylinder. Just as in a six-cylinder engine, the absolute periods during which the exhaust and intake valves are open do not change, and the period during which both valves are simultaneously open decreases, which increases the fuel efficiency at low. engine speed and low loads.
    Engines of this type are capable of operating in accordance with the invention and with a cam drive mechanism in which the frequency of oscillating motion is equal to twice the frequency of the crankshaft. In this case, changes in the operation of the exhaust and intake valves will be exactly the same as shown in FIG. 4.
    Description of the operation of engines with a camshaft, which actuates two cylinders, is acceptable for both two-cylinder and four-cylinder engines, in which the cylinders are arranged in two, for example, horizontally opposed and (opposite) pairs, each valve of each pair results: the action of its ku velkovy shaft.
    074088
    On Fig shows a diagram of the operation of a three-cylinder engine. Single-cylinder three-cylinder engines are rarely found, but six-cylinder engines, in which the cylinders are located in two sets of three tanks in each row, usually have two separate camshafts. On
    Q, FIG. 8 shows the operation of one such row of cylinders. In both, the three cylinders will be phase-shifted relative to each other by a phase angle of 240 and the oscillation frequency will be equal to
    5 to the frequency of rotation of the collar of the ivy shaft multiplied by n / 2 3/2 i, 5.
    The effect of oscillations on the first cylinder (Fig. 3a) has the effect of reducing the periods during which one 2 Q temporarily open the exhaust and intake valves, the bases of the size of the individual periods of opening of the respective valves. It can also be seen (fig. Bb) that 240, by which the second cylinder is shifted in phase with the first cylinder relative to the first one, corresponds to a whole number of oscillation cycles. Therefore, the same changes of the open and close periods
    30 valves in the second cylinder. The same will be true for the third cylinder.
    Figure 9 shows an alternative mode of operation for a camshaft of a row of three C1-SHIK. FIREWOOD shown in Figure 8. In this case, the phase dependence of the oscillations on the rotation of the crankshaft is changed. So, nafk.8 oscillatory motion: the life begins that 35
    40
    to ensure the timing of moments from 45
    blocking and closing the valves, at point B, which coincides with the TDC of any of the cylinders. When the oscillation phases change so that point B is at the beginning of the opening of the intake valve or close to it, the opening and closing of the exhaust valves occurs earlier by the same key, and the moments of opening and closing of the intake valves remain the same. Thus, although the opening and closing times do not change significantly, the period during which both the valve is open nonetheless decreases.
    Fig. 10 shows another alternative mode of operation of the camshaft in a row of three cylinders shown in Fig. 8. In this case, the phase dependence
    91407D0810
    The immobility of the oscillations due to the rotation of the crankshaft is a reduction of the transmission from the overflowed shaft, so that the point in the ratio of 2f: 1 to the rezula is changed
    located at the location corresponding to which the cam rotational speed is closed by the exhaust valve, or the shaft is equal to half the rotation frequency
    close to him. As a result, crankshaft moments. open and close the inlet clan - The invention provides a structural delay on the same engine size with variable phases
    The timing and timing of the opening and closing of the valve timing during the exhaust valve remain unchanged — IQ using only one cam, therefore, the period in the flow shaft equipped with the proposed valve, both valves open, is reduced.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    The invention may be used — the formula of the invention — but also in engines in which
    The paw shaft drives the clutch 1. The cam drive mechanism
    only one piston, for example, a four-stroke engine
    measures in single cylinder engines: or internal combustion having one
    S two-cylinder, in which a cylinder or several blocks of n cylinders, ry horizontally opposed. 20 piston coupled to crankshaft
    The cam shaft operates in a similar manner to the shaft and is capable of being described reciprocally except for but progressively moving in each that the oscillation frequency is equal to twice the cylinder, while the piston is the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft in-line with any other piston in the block. Changes in the operation of the inlet and 25 ke, to which it belongs, or of the discharge valves will be exactly the same in phase by phase angle A or on them, as shown in figure 4 .. an integer multiple of these angles.
    Thus, in all variants, the camshaft on which the invention results in a combination of rotatable rotary angles of movement with a circular motion of the drive for intake and / or squeezing of the camshaft is the intake valves of each cylinder
    a decrease in periods during the block, characterized by
    the intake and openings are simultaneously open, in order to simplify the design and
    exhaust valves. This period is possible efficiency, cam drive
    increase by shifting the phase, the oscillating mechanism contains means for lying half a cycle, which depends on the camshaft, the rotational
    on which one (the length or co-moment of which is a combination
    open) period of joint opening of circular motion around its axis
    the intake and exhaust valves for rotation, which has a given uptake in the absence of oscillatory Q, a ratio with a circular moving one-round movement by a crankshaft, and a oscillator of a crankshaft. Movement around its axis is rotating. Such a mechanism can be used for The advance and retardation has been used to bring the cams to a rotary position between the relative louvre shaft of the engines with large valves with which they have a mutual number of cylinders or fewer cylinders. Alone, while oscillating
    n; ako, a change in the size of the movement is required; it has a predetermined phase-equivalent element and a gear ratio with the crankshaft, and a reduction gear train means for changing the amplitude of the oscillation dp to provide oscillations with a heavy movement, as a result of which
    By the frequency at the required frequency, synchronization can be changed, open the camshaft. And the valves are closed, and the scooter element is driven into the rotational motion of the cam
    a frequency equal to the frequency of the shaft is equal to half the speed of the crankshaft (neither the crankshaft, the multiplied shaft, and the oscillation frequency of the cam f, resulting in the frequency of the new shaft is f parts from
    oscillations will be equal to the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft, rotation of the crankshaft, multiplied where f, when n 1; f p or f, and crenchat transmission is represented by p / 2, when p 2; f p / 2, logda p
    8 1
    fi. 2
    WITH
    /
    Phage. J
    Phie. ii
    but
    /// j
    ///////
    Ll
     / /.
    Th
    L
    d
    550
    a
     Y /////
    Zl
    ////////,
    22
    Z: LU
    fe
    Uz
    iZZZZZZ
    v LZZZ ../../. Zf
    540 ° 720
    5
    900
    6
    kzN,
    I /
    Bfit
    n
    Ly
    5 / IT
    ...... L ..
    i v ///// 7/7
    FIG. 7
    FIG. sh
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP0076854A1|1983-04-20|
    ZA822343B|1983-02-23|
    ES8306217A1|1983-05-01|
    ES511338A0|1983-05-01|
    DE3273822D1|1986-11-20|
    CA1202850A|1986-04-08|
    GB2096695A|1982-10-20|
    JPS58500533A|1983-04-07|
    EP0063038B1|1986-10-15|
    KR830010276A|1983-12-30|
    BR8207246A|1983-03-01|
    EP0063038A2|1982-10-20|
    US4616606A|1986-10-14|
    AU8456582A|1982-11-04|
    WO1982003658A1|1982-10-28|
    EP0063038A3|1983-05-04|
    KR890000918B1|1989-04-13|
    AU549190B2|1986-01-16|
    引用文献:
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    RU2505684C2|2010-01-14|2014-01-27|Мицубиси Дзидося Когио Кабусики Кайся|Engine with adjustable valve mechanism|US1220124A|1916-05-24|1917-03-20|John Wesley Hoffner|Internal-combustion engine.|
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    GB1024846A|1962-12-27|1966-04-06|Federico Fornelli|Improvements in or relating to valve timing devices|
    US3331256A|1965-01-22|1967-07-18|George O Morris|Shaft adjustment means|
    US3361000A|1965-12-21|1968-01-02|Gen Motors Corp|Compact speed change drive|
    GB1311562A|1969-06-27|1973-03-28|Ass Eng Ltd|Device for moving a cam relative to its driving shaft|
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    FR2106927A5|1970-09-29|1972-05-05|Dupre Robert|
    US3888217A|1973-09-24|1975-06-10|Charles A Hisserich|Camshaft belt drive for variable valve timing|
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    JPS6124533B2|1977-09-30|1986-06-11|Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk|
    IT1093715B|1978-03-24|1985-07-26|Alfa Romeo Spa|TIMING VARIATOR OF THE DISTRIBUTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ALTERNATIVE ENGINE|
    US4302985A|1979-12-21|1981-12-01|Ford Motor Company|Phase controlling system for two rotatable shafts|
    IN155023B|1980-01-02|1984-12-22|Nat Res Dev|
    US4438737A|1981-10-13|1984-03-27|Investment Rarities, Incorporated|Apparatus and method for controlling the valve operation of an internal combustion engine|GB2133465A|1982-12-24|1984-07-25|Ford Motor Co|I.c. engine camshaft drive mechanism|
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    US9650924B2|2014-03-07|2017-05-16|Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc.|Engine control system having quick-open valve timing|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB8111692A|GB2096695A|1981-04-13|1981-04-13|Ic engine camshaft drive mechanism|
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